由 dawei
图的存在，让数据变得形象化。无论多么复杂的东西，都是简单的组合。
plot画图时可以设定线条参数。包括：颜色、线型、标记风格。
1）控制颜色
颜色之间的对应关系为
b---blue c---cyan g---green k----black
m---magenta r---red w---white y----yellow
有三种表示颜色的方式:
a:用全名 b:16进制如：#FF00FF c：RGB或RGBA元组（1,1,1） d：灰度强度如：‘0.7’
2)控制线型
符号和线型之间的对应关系
- 实线
-- 短线
-. 短点相间线
： 虚点线
<pre class="has">
>>>import matplotlib
from pylab import *
help(plot)
Help on function plot in module matplotlib.pyplot:
plot(*args,*kwargs)
Plot lines and/or markers to the
:class:~matplotlib.axes.Axes. args is a variable length
argument,allowing for multiple x,y pairs with an
optional format string. For example,each of the following is
legal::
plot(x,y) # plot x and y using default line style and color
plot(x,y,'bo') # plot x and y using blue circle markers
plot(y) # plot y using x as index array 0..N-1
plot(y,'r+') # ditto,but with red plusses
If x and/or y is 2-dimensional,then the corresponding columns
will be plotted.
An arbitrary number of x,y,fmt groups can be
specified,as in::
a.plot(x1,y1,'g^',x2,y2,'g-')
Return value is a list of lines that were added.
The following format string characters are accepted to control
the line style or marker:
================ ===============================
character description
================ ===============================
'-' solid line style
'--' dashed line style
'-.' dash-dot line style
':' dotted line style
'.' point marker
',' pixel marker
'o' circle marker
'v' triangle_down marker
'^' triangle_up marker
'<' triangle_left marker
'>' triangle_right marker
'1' tri_down marker
'2' tri_up marker
'3' tri_left marker
'4' tri_right marker
's' square marker
'p' pentagon marker
``'' star marker 'h' hexagon1 marker 'H' hexagon2 marker '+' plus marker 'x' x marker 'D' diamond marker 'd' thin_diamond marker '|' vline marker '' hline marker ================ =============================== The following color abbreviations are supported: ========== ======== character color ========== ======== 'b' blue 'g' green 'r' red 'c' cyan 'm' magenta 'y' yellow 'k' black 'w' white ========== ======== In addition,you can specify colors in many weird and wonderful ways,including full names ('green'),hex strings ('#008000'),RGB or RGBA tuples ((0,1)) or grayscale intensities as a string ('0.8'). Of these,the string specifications can be used in place of afmtgroup, but the tuple forms can be used only askwargs. Line styles and colors are combined in a single format string,as in 'bo'for blue circles. The *kwargs* can be used to set line properties (any property that has asetmethod). You can use this to set a line label (for auto legends),linewidth,anitialising,marker face color,etc. Here is an example:: plot([1,2,3],[1,'go-',label='line 1',linewidth=2) plot([1,4,9],'rs',label='line 2') axis([0,10]) legend() If you make multiple lines with one plot command,the kwargs apply to all those lines,e.g.:: plot(x1,antialised=False) Neither line will be antialiased. You do not need to use format strings,which are just abbreviations. All of the line properties can be controlled by keyword arguments. For example,you can set the color, marker,linestyle,and markercolor with:: plot(x,color='green',linestyle='dashed',marker='o', markerfacecolor='blue',markersize=12). See :class:`~matplotlib.lines.Line2D` for details. The kwargs are :class:`~matplotlib.lines.Line2D` properties: agg_filter: unknown alpha: float (0.0 transparent through 1.0 opaque) animated: [True | False] antialiased or aa: [True | False] axes: an :class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` instance clip_box: a :class:`matplotlib.transforms.Bbox` instance clip_on: [True | False] clip_path: [ (:class:`~matplotlib.path.Path`, :class:`~matplotlib.transforms.Transform`) | :class:`~matplotlib.patches.Patch` | None ] color or c: any matplotlib color contains: a callable function dash_capstyle: ['butt' | 'round' | 'projecting'] dash_joinstyle: ['miter' | 'round' | 'bevel'] dashes: sequence of on/off ink in points data: 2D array (rows are x,y) or two 1D arrays drawstyle: [ 'default' | 'steps' | 'steps-pre' | 'steps-mid' | 'steps-post' ] figure: a :class:`matplotlib.figure.Figure` instance fillstyle: ['full' | 'left' | 'right' | 'bottom' | 'top'] gid: an id string label: any string linestyle or ls: ['-'|'--'|'-.'|':'|'None'|' '|''] and any drawstyle in combination with a linestyle,e.g.'steps--'. linewidth or lw: float value in points lod: [True | False] marker: [7|4|5|6|'o'|'D'|'h'|'H'|'_'|''|None|'None'|' '|'8'|'p'|','|'+'|'.'|'s'|''|'d'|3|0|1|2|'1'|'3'|'4'|'2'|'v'|'<'|'>'|'^'|'|'|'x'|'$...$'| *tuple* | *Nx2 array* ] markeredgecolor or mec: any matplotlib color markeredgewidth or mew: float value in points markerfacecolor or mfc: any matplotlib color markerfacecoloralt or mfcalt: any matplotlib color markersize or ms: float markevery: None | integer | (startind,stride) picker: float distance in points or callable pick function fn(artist,event)` pickradius: float distance in points rasterized: [True | False | None] snap: unknown solid_capstyle: ['butt' | 'round' | 'projecting'] solid_joinstyle: ['miter' | 'round' | 'bevel'] transform: a :class:matplotlib.transforms.Transforminstance url: a url string visible: [True | False] xdata: 1D array ydata: 1D array zorder: any number kwargs *scalex* and *scaley*,if defined,are passed on to :meth:~matplotlib.axes.Axes.autoscale_view` to determine
whether the x and y axes are autoscaled; the default is
True.
Additional kwargs: hold = [True|False] overrides default hold state